Glaucoma is a chronic eye condition characterized by damage to the optic nerve, often caused by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). It is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss and blindness worldwide. Glaucoma can develop gradually and without noticeable symptoms in its early stages, making regular eye exams crucial for early detection and intervention. There are several types of glaucoma, including primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), angle-closure glaucoma, and normal-tension glaucoma. Risk factors for glaucoma include age, family history, high eye pressure, thin corneas, certain medical conditions, and prolonged steroid use. If left untreated or undetected, glaucoma can gradually damage the optic nerve, resulting in peripheral vision loss that may progress to tunnel vision and eventually lead to blindness.

Managing glaucoma requires ongoing monitoring and collaboration between the patient and an ophthalmologist or glaucoma specialist. Compliance with prescribed treatments and regular follow-up appointments are essential to effectively manage the condition and preserve vision. While glaucoma cannot be cured, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help slow down or halt its progression, allowing individuals with glaucoma to maintain functional vision and enjoy a good quality of life.